Effectiveness of buprenorphine in double diagnosed patients. Buprenorphine as psychothropic drug

Since the Central Nervous System features opioid-related pathways with their own receptors and their own endogenous metabolic activity, every opiate drug, pure antagonists included, can be expected to possess psychotropic properties. Apart from this, therapeutic properties depend on how each drug interacts with the endogenous opioid system and other opioid-sensitive systems, whether through a fast-acting modality or a slow-acting one: the former corresponds to a major addictive risk and a destabilizing